Budget the outgoing AND return conductorsSeries loop resistance includes both board paths and their interfaces. Power loss and voltage drop are electrical budgets, not temperature-rise estimates.Budget the outgoing AND return conductorsA one-trace worksheet does not include the rest of the circuit.SupplyLoadOutgoing copper + jointsReturn copper + jointsVloop = I × (Rout + Rreturn + Rcontacts)³Ô¹Ïtv engineering illustration · conceptual, not to scale · examples are not acceptance limits