LED PCB materials: compare the complete constructionCopper spreads heat; the insulation and interfaces determine how it reaches the cooling surface.LED PCB materials: compare the complete constructionCopper spreads heat; the insulation and interfaces determine how it reaches the cooling surface. FR-4 with thermal viasInsulated metal substrateCeramic substrate FR-4Review via location, solderwicking and the path to a sink. Thermal dielectricAluminum / copper baseBase conductivity ≠ dielectricconductivity ≠ board thermal R. Alumina / AlNSpecify ceramic grade andmetallization / bonding route. ³ԹÏtv engineering illustration • simplified, not a production cross-section or measured thermal field